Amazon Web Services · Villanueva de Gállego / El Burgo de Ebro, Aragón, Spain
Water — consumed, not returned
Taken from the basin649M gal/yr
Evaporated on site200M gal
Making the power448M gal
Basin stressHigh
Where the water comes from
Surface water — river, lake or canal
Cooling
Evaporative with adiabatic assist; irrigation-canal water rights
Basis
Fitted to a published figure of 200 million gallons a year
Air — what the stacks emit
Nitrogen oxides170t/yr
Sulphur dioxide106t/yr
Fine particulates17.0t PM2.5
Health damages$15.3M/yr
Where it burns
Spain — Red Eléctrica
Generation mix
Wind 24 · Nuclear 20 · Solar 21 · Gas 18
CO₂e
310 kt/yr — climate, not air quality
Who wanted it
Who asked for it
AWS — self-build and European cloud customers
Who approved it
Government of Aragón authorised abstractions totalling roughly 755,000 m³/yr from the Ebro basin; regional incentives supported a €15.7B expansion announced in 2025
What it serves
AWS eu-south-2 region
IT capacity
250 MW running of 900 MW announced
Farmers' associations in the Ebro valley have objected to water being allocated to cooling in a basin already under drought restriction. Aragón is now the biggest single cloud investment in southern Europe.
Water and air figures are modelled from disclosed capacity, not measured — site-level
error is roughly ±40%. Diesel backup generators are not counted, so on-site figures are floors.
Full method.