Fitted to a published figure of 1,700 million gallons a year
Air — what the stacks emit
Nitrogen oxides1,917t/yr
Sulphur dioxide1,704t/yr
Fine particulates256t PM2.5
Health damages$224M/yr
Where it burns
PJM Dominion — Virginia
Generation mix
Gas 55 · Nuclear 30 · Coal 4 · Solar 5
CO₂e
6,708 kt/yr — climate, not air quality
Who wanted it
Who asked for it
Effectively everyone — us-east-1 alone underpins a large share of consumer apps, SaaS and federal cloud
Who approved it
Loudoun County created the by-right PD-OP zoning in the 1990s; Dominion Energy interconnection; Virginia's sales-tax exemption on data center equipment renewed through 2035
What it serves
AWS us-east-1, the default region of the internet; plus most major colo and peering
IT capacity
3,400 MW running of 5,200 MW announced
The densest concentration of data centers on Earth — roughly a quarter of global colocation capacity in one county. Its growth is the single largest driver of PJM's record 2025 capacity auction prices, which raised bills across thirteen states.
Water and air figures are modelled from disclosed capacity, not measured — site-level
error is roughly ±40%. Diesel backup generators are not counted, so on-site figures are floors.
Full method.