Raw seawater from the Gulf of Finland through a repurposed paper-mill intake
Basis
Modelled from cooling design — WUE 0.01 L/kWh
Air — what the stacks emit
Nitrogen oxides146t/yr
Sulphur dioxide64.9t/yr
Fine particulates22.7t PM2.5
Health damages$15.3M/yr
Where it burns
Finland — Fingrid
Generation mix
Nuclear 41 · Hydro 19 · Wind 20 · Biomass 14
CO₂e
110 kt/yr — climate, not air quality
Who wanted it
Who asked for it
Google — self-build
Who approved it
City of Hamina; Finnish environmental permit covers the seawater intake and thermal discharge; waste heat is sold into Hamina's district heating network
What it serves
Google Cloud europe-north1, Search, and Gemini training
IT capacity
200 MW running of 400 MW announced
Built inside a 1950s paper mill and cooled by the Baltic, with waste heat piped to warm about 80% of Hamina's homes. Effectively zero freshwater consumption and one of the cleanest grids on the list — the practical best case in the dataset.
Water and air figures are modelled from disclosed capacity, not measured — site-level
error is roughly ±40%. Diesel backup generators are not counted, so on-site figures are floors.
Full method.