Madison County

Amazon Web Services · Canton, Mississippi

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The resource footprint

Modelled average

In one day, this campus consumes about

2.2250-metre swimming pools

Filled with the volume of water consumed by the campus and its electricity supply.

The actual estimate1,467,872 US gallons consumed

50-metre pools · 2 metres deep

Each diagram = 1 pool. Partial shading shows the remainder.

At the campus259,364 galMaking its electricity1,208,508 gal

Power-plant water may come from a different watershed. This is a volume comparison, not a claim that households lose this water.

At current operating capacity · Annual model spread evenly over time, not a live meter. Site estimates may differ by roughly ±40%.

Comparison sizes & sources

One pool = 50 × 25 × 2 metres = 2.5 million litres (about 660,430 US gallons). Pool depths vary; this is a defined comparison size.

One home-year = 10,791 kWh, the EIA’s 2022 average US residential electricity purchases. This excludes electricity generated at home and is a fixed US benchmark for all sites.

One car-year = 4.6 tonnes CO₂, the EPA’s typical passenger vehicle tailpipe estimate. The campus model is in CO₂e; the comparison expresses approximate climate scale, not equal mixtures of pollutants.

Monthly values are annual totals ÷ 12; daily values are annual totals ÷ 365. Actual demand varies. Comparisons cover the whole campus, including non-AI uses.

Water: see the numbers and sources

This is water used up, mainly through evaporation. Power-generation water may be used in a different watershed.

Total water use536M gal/yr

Evaporated on site94.7M gal

Making the power441M gal

Household comparison6,697homes, at 80,000 gal/year

Pressure on local water: Low — a regional measure of demand compared with available water
Where the water comes from: Municipal potable supply
Cooling: Closed-loop with evaporative peaking
Basis: Modelled from cooling design — WUE 0.28 L/kWh

Air: see the numbers and sources

The totals include nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and fine particles. They cover both this site and the power plants supplying it.

Nitrogen oxides141t/yr

Sulphur dioxide180t/yr

Fine particulates20.6t PM2.5

Health (EPA)$19.8M/yr

Health range: $6.91–19.8 million a year. Lower bound is EASIUR national mid-range; upper is EPA benefit-per-ton at a ~$12M VSL.
Statistical deaths: 1.65 a year at that VSL — a national-average conversion from tons, not a local concentration study.
Equals: 176,610 cars of NOx
Where it burns: MISO South — Louisiana / Miss.
Generation mix: Gas 72 · Nuclear 14 · Coal 9
Diesel backup: Diesel backup is not yet counted for this campus, so on-site air figures are a floor.
CO₂e: 537 kt/yr — climate, not air quality

The project, approvals and community concerns

Who asked for it: AWS — self-build and cloud customers
Who approved it: Mississippi legislature passed a bespoke $10B incentive package in a special session in 2024; Entergy Mississippi supply, with new solar and gas approved to serve it
What it serves: AWS cloud region and AI capacity
IT capacity: 150 MW current capacity / 650 MW full-build scenario

The single largest private investment in Mississippi history, approved in a two-day special session. Entergy Mississippi's supply plan for it added both solar and gas capacity that all ratepayers help underwrite.

ratepayer-cost disputenew gas plant built for it

Keep this guide handy

32.6126°, -90.0326°

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Quote or share these estimates

Gigawatt Ledger (2026). Madison County: water and air. https://gigawatt-ledger.pages.dev/site/madisonms/. Modelled from disclosed capacity; site-level error ±40%.

Include the estimate’s date, whether it describes current or proposed capacity, and its uncertainty. Get an embeddable card.

Gigawatt Ledger · September 2026. Water and air figures are estimated from public records and disclosed capacity. How we calculate them · Use this in your community.