Gigawatt Ledger · one-page briefing
Campus profile Operating
Singapore cluster
Equinix · ST Telemedia · Digital Realty · Singapore, —, Singapore
The resource footprint
Modelled averageIn one day, this campus consumes about
10.450-metre swimming pools
Filled with the volume of water consumed by the campus and its electricity supply.
The actual estimate6,901,262 US gallons consumed
Power-plant water may come from a different watershed. This is a volume comparison, not a claim that households lose this water.
At current operating capacity · Annual model spread evenly over time, not a live meter. Site estimates may differ by roughly ±40%.
Comparison sizes & sources
One pool = 50 × 25 × 2 metres = 2.5 million litres (about 660,430 US gallons). Pool depths vary; this is a defined comparison size.
One home-year = 10,791 kWh, the EIA’s 2022 average US residential electricity purchases. This excludes electricity generated at home and is a fixed US benchmark for all sites.
One car-year = 4.6 tonnes CO₂, the EPA’s typical passenger vehicle tailpipe estimate. The campus model is in CO₂e; the comparison expresses approximate climate scale, not equal mixtures of pollutants.
Monthly values are annual totals ÷ 12; daily values are annual totals ÷ 365. Actual demand varies. Comparisons cover the whole campus, including non-AI uses.
Water: see the numbers and sources
This is water used up, mainly through evaporation. Power-generation water may be used in a different watershed.
- Pressure on local water
- Extremely High — a regional measure of demand compared with available water
- Where the water comes from
- Municipal potable supply
- Cooling
- Evaporative — tropical humidity makes free cooling impossible
- Basis
- Modelled from cooling design — WUE 1.12 L/kWh
Air: see the numbers and sources
The totals include nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and fine particles. They cover both this site and the power plants supplying it.
- Health range
- $16.9–46.4 million a year. Lower bound is EASIUR national mid-range; upper is EPA benefit-per-ton at a ~$12M VSL.
- Statistical deaths
- 3.87 a year at that VSL — a national-average conversion from tons, not a local concentration study.
- Equals
- 1,056,949 cars of NOx
- Where it burns
- Singapore — EMA
- Generation mix
- Gas 94 · Solar 2
- Diesel backup
- Diesel backup is not yet counted for this campus, so on-site air figures are a floor.
- CO₂e
- 2,680 kt/yr — climate, not air quality
The project, approvals and community concerns
- Who asked for it
- Regional cloud, banking and platform customers across Southeast Asia
- Who approved it
- Singapore froze new data center capacity from 2019 to 2022, then reopened with a competitive allocation requiring PUE ≤ 1.3 and disclosed water efficiency
- What it serves
- Southeast Asian cloud regions, financial networks and subsea cable landings
- IT capacity
- 1,000 MW current capacity / 1,400 MW full-build scenario
The first government anywhere to cap data center growth outright. Singapore imports most of its water and generates 94% of its power from gas, so every megawatt here is both carbon- and water-expensive — hence the cap.
Keep this guide handy
1.3300°, 103.8500°
Quote or share these estimates
Gigawatt Ledger (2026). Singapore cluster: water and air. https://gigawatt-ledger.pages.dev/site/singapore/. Modelled from disclosed capacity; site-level error ±40%.
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Gigawatt Ledger · September 2026. Water and air figures are estimated from public records and disclosed capacity. How we calculate them · Use this in your community.