TVA — Tennessee Valley + 40% turbines on the site itself
Generation mix
Nuclear 41 · Gas 27 · Coal 13 · Hydro 10
Emitted at the fence line
49% of this site's criteria pollution
CO₂e
321 kt/yr — climate, not air quality
Who wanted it
Who asked for it
xAI — self-build; also drawing on a Solaris Energy gas turbine fleet
Who approved it
DeSoto County and Mississippi state incentives; MDEQ air permitting for on-site turbines; TVA power supply agreement
What it serves
Grok training capacity expansion across the state line from Memphis
IT capacity
100 MW running of 600 MW announced
Built just across the Mississippi line from the Memphis site, in a different air-permitting jurisdiction. Whether that was deliberate is disputed, but it is a recurring pattern: state lines are where large loads shop for permits.
Water and air figures are modelled from disclosed capacity, not measured — site-level
error is roughly ±40%. Diesel backup generators are not counted, so on-site figures are floors.
Full method.